Essay On Law Of Human Nature Words | 7 Pages The Law of Human Nature is often forgotten about but is a very important topic because it explains the way that God gave us our own ability to choose between right and wrong, in other words in the sense of what Sep 10, · The number of unmanned stores has risen as shop owners have sought to cut costs due to financial burdens suffered from the increase in the basic wage and Jun 18, · Here's my full sample essay for the recycling topic that we've been working on. Some people claim that not enough of the waste from homes is recycled. They say that the only way to increase recycling is for governments to make it a legal requirement. To what extent do you think laws are needed to make people recycle more of their waste? It is true that we do not recycle enough of our household
Shoplifting - Wikipedia
Shoplifting is the theft of goods from an open retail establishment, typically by concealing a store item on one's person, in pockets, under clothes, or in a bag, essay on shoplifting, and leaving the store without paying. With clothing, shoplifters may put on items from the store and leave the store wearing the clothes.
The terms "shoplifting" and "shoplifter" are not usually defined in law. The crime of shoplifting generally falls under the legal classification of larceny. Shoplifting is distinct from burglary theft by breaking into a closed storerobbery stealing by threatening or engaging in violent behavioror armed robbery stealing by using a weapon.
In the retail industry, the word " shrinkage " or "shrink" can be used to refer to merchandise lost by shoplifting, but the word also includes loss by other means, such as waste, uninsured damage to products, and theft by store employees. Shoplifters range from amateurs acting on impulse, to career criminals who essay on shoplifting engage in shoplifting as a form of income. Career criminals may use several individuals to shoplift, with some essay on shoplifting distracting store employees while another participant steals items.
Amateurs typically steal products for personal use, while career criminals generally steal items to resell them in the underground economy. Other forms of shoplifting include swapping price labels of different items, return fraudor eating a grocery store's food without paying for it. Commonly shoplifted items are those with a high price in proportion to their size, such essay on shoplifting disposable razor blades, vitamins, alcoholic beverages, and cigarettes.
Stores use a number of strategies to reduce shoplifting, including storing small, expensive items in essay on shoplifting glass cases; chaining or otherwise attaching items to shelves or clothes racks particularly expensive items ; attaching magnetic or radio sensors or dyepacks to items; installing curved mirrors mounted above shelves or video cameras and video monitorshiring plainclothes " store detectives " and security guardsand banning the bringing in of backpacks or other bags.
Some stores have security guards at the exit, who search backpacks and bags and check receipts. Stores also combat shoplifting by training employees how to detect potential shoplifters. The first documented shoplifting started to take place in 16th century London. By the early 19th century, essay on shoplifting, shoplifting was believed to be primarily a female activity. In the s, shoplifting began to essay on shoplifting redefined again, this time as a political act.
Researchers divide shoplifters into two categories: "boosters" professionals who resell what they stealand "snitches" amateurs who steal for their personal use. Shoplifting is the act of knowingly taking goods from an establishment in which they are displayed for sale, without paying for them. Shoplifting usually involves concealing items on the person or an accomplice, and leaving the store without paying. However, shoplifting can also include price switching swapping the price labels of different goodsrefund fraudand "grazing" eating or sampling a store's goods while in the store.
Price switching is now an almost extinct form of shoplifting for two reasons. Firstly, the labels will split apart upon attempted removal, and secondly, virtually all retail cashiers now scan items at the register, rather than relying on price stickers.
Retailers report that shoplifting has a significant effect on their bottom line, stating that about 0. Generally, criminal theft involves taking possession of property illegally. In self-service shops, customers are allowed by the property owner to essay on shoplifting physical possession of the property by holding or moving it. This leaves essay on shoplifting of ambiguity that could criminalize some people for simple mistakes, such as accidental putting of a small item in a pocket or forgetting to pay.
For this reason penalties for shoplifting are often lower than those for general theft. Few jurisdictions have specific shoplifting legislation with which to differentiate it from other forms of theft, so reduced penalties are usually at a judge's discretion. Most retailers are aware of the serious consequences of making a false arrestessay on shoplifting will only attempt to apprehend a person if their guilt is beyond a reasonable doubt.
Depending on local laws, arrests made by anyone other than law enforcement officers may also be illegal. Some shoplifters are amateurs who do not steal regularly from stores and who do not use shoplifting as a form of income e.
Researchers call these amateurs "snitches", as they are stealing items for their personal use. However, there are people and groups who make their living from shoplifting and other crimes. They tend to be more skilled career criminals who use more sophisticated shoplifting tactics. Researchers call professional thieves "boosters", as they tend to resell what they steal [1] on the black market.
Shoplifting is considered a form of theft and is subject to prosecution. In the United Kingdom, theft is defined as "dishonestly appropriate[ing] property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of it; and "thief" and "steal" shall be construed accordingly.
to a. Clarke says shoplifters steal "hot products" that are " CRAVED ", an acronym he created that stands for " c oncealable, r emovable, a vailable, v aluable, e njoyable, and d essay on shoplifting. The most commonly shoplifted item essay on shoplifting to be cigarettesuntil stores started keeping them behind the cash register.
Commonly shoplifted items are usually small and easy to hide, such as groceriesespecially steak and instant coffeerazor blades and cartridgessmall technology items such as MP3 playerssmartphonesUSB flash drivesearphonesCDs and DVDsgift cardscosmeticsjewelrymultivitaminspregnancy testselectric toothbrushesand clothing.
In the United States, frequently shoplifted books include ones by authors Charles BukowskiJim ThompsonPhilip K. DickMartin AmisPaul AusterGeorges BatailleWilliam S. BurroughsHunter S. ThompsonItalo Calvinoessay on shoplifting, Don DeLilloRaymond ChandlerMichel FoucaultDashiell HammettJack Kerouac and other Beat generation writers, Jeanette WintersonChuck PalahniukHaruki Murakamiessay on shoplifting, Jeffrey Essay on shopliftingand Mark Z.
Economists say shoplifting is common because it is a relatively unskilled crime with low entry barriers that can be fitted into a normal lifestyle. People of every nationraceessay on shoplifting, ethnicityessay on shoplifting, genderand social class shoplift. Originally, analysis of data about apprehended shoplifters and interviews with store detectives suggested that females were almost twice as likely as males to shoplift.
However, sinceessay on shoplifting, the data suggest that males are equally or more likely to shoplift than females. The average shoplifter first did it at the age of ten: shoplifting tends to peak in adolescence then steadily declines thereafter. People of all races essay on shoplifting equally, and poor people shoplift only slightly more than rich people. The use of backpacks and other bags to shoplift has led some stores to not allow people with backpacks in the store, often by asking the person to leave their backpack at a store counter.
Some shoppers fill a shopping cart with unconcealed merchandise, essay on shoplifting, and walk out of the store without paying. Security workers call that method "walkout" or "pushout". This tactic is used because busy employees may simply not notice a person pushing a cart out without paying or walking out wearing a store-owned coat. Some "pushout" shoplifters purposefully exit quickly to avoid detection, as this essay on shoplifting employees less time to react.
Many stores instruct employees other than those directly involved in theft prevention or security to confront someone only verbally to essay on shoplifting any possibility of being held liable for injury or unwarranted detention. While that may allow stolen goods to not be recovered, the loss of revenue may be judged to be acceptable in light of the cost of a potential lawsuit or an employee being injured by a fleeing shoplifter. Shoplifting, originally called "lifting", is as old as shopping.
The first documented shoplifting started to take place in 16th-century Londonand was carried out by groups of men called lifters. Inplaywright Robert Greene published a pamphlet titled The Second Part of Cony Catchingin which he described how three men could conspire to shoplift clothes and fabric from London merchants, essay on shoplifting.
When it was first documented, shoplifting was characterized as an underworld practice: shoplifters were also con artistspickpocketsessay on shoplifting, pimpsor prostitutes. In the late 17th century, London shopkeepers began to display goods essay on shoplifting ways designed to attract shoppers, such as in window displays and glass cases, essay on shoplifting.
This made the goods more accessible for shoppers to handle and examine, which historians say led to an acceleration of shoplifting. The word shoplift then, shop-lift first appeared at the end of the 17th century in books like The Ladies Dictionarywhich, as well as describing shoplifting, provided tips on losing weight and styling hair.
Notorious female shoplifters in London included Mary Friththe pickpocket and fence also known as Moll Cutpursepickpocket Moll KingSarah McCabe whose shoplifting career spanned twenty years, and Maria Carlston also known as Mary Blackeessay on shoplifting, whose life was documented by diarist Samuel Pepyswho was eventually executed for theft, and who for years shoplifted clothing and household linens in London with essay on shoplifting or more female accomplices.
Inthe English Parliament passed The Shoplifting Actpart of the Bloody Code that punished petty crimes with death. People convicted of shoplifting items worth more than five shillings would be hanged in London's Tyburn Tree known as the " Tyburn jig " with crowds of thousands watching, or would be transported to the North American colonies or to Botany Bay in Australia.
Some merchants found The Essay on shoplifting Act overly severe, jurors often deliberately under-valued the cost of items stolen so convicted shoplifters would escape death, and reformist lawyers advocated for the Act's repeal, but The Shoplifting Act was supported by powerful people such as Lord Ellenboroughwho characterized penal transportation as "a summer airing to a milder climate" and the archbishop of Canterburywho believed that strong punishment was necessary to prevent a dramatic increase in crime.
As England began to embrace Enlightenment ideas about crime and punishment in the 18th century, essay on shoplifting, opposition to the Bloody Code began to grow. The last English execution for shoplifting was carried out inand in the House of Lords reclassified shoplifting as a non-capital crime. By the early essay on shoplifting century, shoplifting was believed to be primarily a female activity, [25] and doctors began to redefine some shoplifting as what Swiss doctor André Matthey had then newly christened "klopemania" kleptomaniafrom the Greek words " kleptein " stealing and " mania " insanity.
Kleptomania was primarily attributed to wealthy and middle-class women, and in was criticized by anarchist Emma Goldman as a way for the rich to excuse their own class from punishment, while continuing to punish the poor for the same acts. In his book Do It: Scenarios of the RevolutionAmerican activist Jerry Rubin wrote essay on shoplifting money represents theft shoplifting gets you high.
Don't buy. Steal," and in The Anarchist Cookbookessay on shoplifting, published inAmerican author William Powell offered tips for how to shoplift. In his book Steal This BookAmerican activist Abbie Hoffman offered tips on how to shoplift and argued that shoplifting is anti-corporate. In her book The Steal: A Cultural History of Shopliftingsocial historian Rachel Shteir described how shoplifting from companies you dislike is considered by some activist groups, such as some freegansdecentralized anarchist collective Essay on shopliftingthe Spanish anarchist collective Yomango and the Canadian magazine Adbustersto be a morally defensible act of corporate sabotage.
Researchers divide shoplifters into two categories: "boosters", professionals who resell what they steal, and "snitches", amateurs who steal items for their personal use.
Psychosocial motivations may include peer pressureessay on shoplifting, a desire for thrill or excitement, impulse, essay on shoplifting, stealing because judgment is clouded by intoxicationor doing so because of a compulsion. Shoplifting is also associated with family or marital stress, essay on shoplifting, social isolation, having had a difficult childhood, alcoholism or drug use, low self-esteem, and eating disorderswith bulimic shoplifters frequently stealing food.
Some researchers have theorized that shoplifting is an unconscious attempt to make up for a past loss. Researchers have found that the decision to shoplift is associated with pro-shoplifting attitudes, essay on shoplifting, social factors, opportunities for shoplifting and the perception that the shoplifter is unlikely to be caught.
Researchers say that shoplifters justify their shoplifting through a variety of personal narratives, such as believing they are making up for having been victimized, that they are unfairly being denied things they deserve, or that the retailers they steal from are untrustworthy or immoral.
A program in West Texas designed to reduce recidivism repeat offenses among convicted adult shoplifters identified eight common beliefs of shoplifters:. Developmental psychologists believe that children under the age of nine shoplift to test boundaries, and that tweens and teenagers shoplift mainly for excitement or the thrill, are "acting out" or depressedor are being pressured by their peers.
Researches say that around the world, in countries including the United States, Canadaessay on shoplifting, Australia, BrazilMexicoSouth Africa, Japan, essay on shoplifting, and India, people tend to shoplift the same types of items, and frequently even the same brands. But there are also differences essay on shoplifting shoplifting among different countries that reflect those countries' general consumption habits and preferences, essay on shoplifting.
In Milansaffronan expensive component of risotto alla Milaneseis frequently shoplifted, and throughout Italyparmigiano reggiano is often stolen from supermarkets. In Spain, jamón ibérico is a frequent target.
In France, the anise-flavoured liqueur ricard is frequently stolen, and in Japan, experts believe that manga comicselectronic games and whisky are most frequently stolen. Bookstores and magazine sellers in Japan have also complained about what they call "digital shoplifting", which refers to the photographing of material in-store for later reading. Packaged cheese has been the most frequently shoplifted item in Norwaywith thieves selling it afterwards to pizza parlours and essay on shoplifting food restaurants.
Shoplifting is the largest single reason for loss of merchandise, essay on shoplifting. Observers believe that industry shoplifting numbers are over half employee theft or fraud and the rest by patrons. Of course, if apprehended during the shoplifting the merchandise is generally recovered by the retailers and there is often no loss to the store owner when the merchandise is surrendered to the store by the suspects.
In addition, in many states retailers have the right to recover civil damages to cover the cost of providing security.
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Why I Want to Become a Nurse Essay example. It’s been my desire, longing for a nursing career since I was in my primary and secondary school. At the age of 12, I began to look after children and baby-sitting then, from there, I gained the understanding Essay On Law Of Human Nature Words | 7 Pages The Law of Human Nature is often forgotten about but is a very important topic because it explains the way that God gave us our own ability to choose between right and wrong, in other words in the sense of what Teenagers Today Lack Moral Values and Self-Discipline Moral values and graciousness, in the past, were prominent in most teenagers. Majority of the youths then learnt respect, courtesy, consideration, decency, propriety, honesty and righteousness from a young
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